Edgar Rice Burroughs

His father had been a major in the Union army during the Civil War. Edgar Rice Burroughs attended the Brown School then, due to a diphtheria epidemic, Miss Coolie's Maplehurst School for Girls, then the Harvard School, Phillips Andover and the Michigan Military Academy. He was a mediocre student and flunked his examination for West Point. He worked a variety of jobs all over the country: a cowboy in Idaho, a gold miner in Oregon, a railroad policeman in Utah, a department manager for Sears Roebuck in Chicago. He published "A Princess of Mars" under the title "Under the Moons of Mars" in six parts between February and July of 1912. The same "All-Story Magazine" put out his immediately successful "Tarzan of the Apes" in October of that year. Two years later the hardback book appeared, and on January 27, 1918, the movie opened on Broadway starring Elmo Lincoln as Tarzan. It was one of the first movies to gross over $1,000,000. Burroughs was able to move his family to the San Fernando Valley in 1919, converting a huge estate into Tarzana Ranch. He was in Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 and remained in Hawaii as a war correspondent. Afterward he returned home with a heart condition. On March 19, 1950, alone in his home after reading the Sunday comics in bed, he died. By then he had written 91 novels, 26 of which were about Tarzan. The man whose books have sold hundreds of millions of copies in over thirty languages once said "I write to escape ... to escape poverty".

Works

Zenimation
7.5

Zenimation

Unplug, relax, and refresh your senses for a moment of mindfulness with Walt Disney Animation Studios’ Zenimation - an animated soundscape experience.

Release Date: 2020-05-22

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Episode Count: 3

Vote Count: 17

5.9

The Legend of Tarzan

Tarzan, having acclimated to life in London, is called back to his former home in the jungle to investigate the activities at a mining encampment.

Release Date: 2016-06-29

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 6254

5.7

Tarzan

One of the most classic and revered stories of all time, Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan returns to the big screen for a new generation. Tarzan and Jane face a mercenary army dispatched by the evil CEO of Greystoke Energies, a man who took over the company from Tarzan's parents, after they died in a plane crash in the African jungle.

Release Date: 2013-10-17

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 601

6.3

John Carter

John Carter is a war-weary, former military captain who's inexplicably transported to the mysterious and exotic planet of Barsoom (Mars) and reluctantly becomes embroiled in an epic conflict. It's a world on the brink of collapse, and Carter rediscovers his humanity when he realizes the survival of Barsoom and its people rests in his hands.

Release Date: 2012-03-07

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 5669

4.1

Princess of Mars

Based on the novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs, a US soldier finds himself inexplicably transported to Mars in the midst of a war between two alien races.

Release Date: 2009-12-29

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 39

3.6

The Land That Time Forgot

Shipwrecked castaways stumble upon the mysterious island of Caprona in the Bermuda Triangle, confronting man-eating dinosaurs and a stranded German U-Boat crew while trying to escape.

Release Date: 2009-07-28

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 49

6.1

Tarzan II

When one of his missteps puts his family in jeopardy, Tarzan decides they would be better off without him.

Release Date: 2005-06-13

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 1154

6.0

Tarzan & Jane

With the first anniversary of her wedding to Tarzan beckoning, Jane ponders how to make it the perfect English celebration.

Release Date: 2002-06-24

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 633

7.4

Tarzan

Tarzan was a small orphan who was raised by an ape named Kala since he was a child. He believed that this was his family, but on an expedition Jane Porter is rescued by Tarzan. He then finds out that he's human. Now Tarzan must make the decision as to which family he should belong to...

Release Date: 1999-06-18

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 6845

4.0

Tarzan of the Apes

Swing into action with the greatest jungle adventure of all as spectacular animation and dazzling original songs bring Edgar Rice Burroughs’ timeless fantasy to life.

Release Date: 1998-09-08

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 3

4.2

Tarzan and the Lost City

Tarzan returns to his homeland of Africa to save his home from destruction.

Release Date: 1998-04-24

Department: Writing

Job: Original Story

Vote Count: 39

6.2

Tarzan: The Epic Adventures

Tarzan has a tough encounter with arms dealer Nikolai who then kidnaps Colette and wants to sell her in Africa. Tarzan gets captured, escapes and follows Nikolai who has teamed up with netherworld queen Mara and her flesh eaters. Serves as the pilot to the Tarzan: The Epic Adventures television series.

Release Date: 1996-08-28

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 3

Tarzan: The Epic Adventures
4.7

Tarzan: The Epic Adventures

Tarzan: The Epic Adventures is a syndicated series that aired for one season. It focuses on the character of Tarzan in his early years, after his first exposure to civilization, but before his marriage to Jane. The series uses much of the mythology of Edgar Rice Burroughs' books as background material. This version of Tarzan was filmed in the Sun City resort in South Africa, making it one of the few Tarzan productions to actually film on that continent. The character of Nicholas Rokoff, and the fact that Tarzan is not yet married, set this series in-between the two halves of The Return of Tarzan. R. A. Salvatore wrote an authorized Tarzan novel based on pilot script which was published as a trade-paperback in 1996, and a mass-market paperback in 1997.

Release Date: 1996-08-28

Department: Creator

Job: Creator

Vote Count: 6

3.9

Tarzan in Manhattan

The ape man flies to New York, where cabby Jane and her father help him rescue Cheetah from a madman.

Release Date: 1989-04-15

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 18

6.3

Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes

A shipping disaster in the 19th Century has stranded a man and woman in the wilds of Africa. The lady is pregnant, and gives birth to a son in their tree house. Soon after, a family of apes stumble across the house and in the ensuing panic, both parents are killed. A female ape takes the tiny boy as a replacement for her own dead infant, and raises him as her son. Twenty years later, Captain Phillippe D'Arnot discovers the man who thinks he is an ape. Evidence in the tree house leads him to believe that he is the direct descendant of the Earl of Greystoke, and thus takes it upon himself to return the man to civilization.

Release Date: 1984-03-30

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 468

4.1

Tarzan the Ape Man

The Tarzan story from Jane's point of view. Jane Parker visits her father in Africa where she joins him on an expedition. A couple of brief encounters with Tarzan establish a (sexual) bond between her and Tarzan. When the expedition is captured by savages, Tarzan comes to the rescue

Release Date: 1981-08-07

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 99

5.4

The People That Time Forgot

Major Ben McBride organizes a mission to the Antarctic wastes to search for his friend who has been missing in the region for several years. McBride's party find themselves in a world populated by primitive warriors and terrifying prehistoric creatures, all of whom they must evade in order to get back safely

Release Date: 1977-07-06

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 77

Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle
7.1

Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle

Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle is an animated series created by the Filmation studio for CBS. There are a total of 36 episodes produced over the first four seasons. The series does not appear in the Entertainment Rights library, and the rights most likely rest with the estate of Edgar Rice Burroughs. However, Warner Home Video has released one episode on DVD, "Tarzan and the Colossus of Zome," on Saturday Morning Cartoons: 1970s Volume 1; Warner Bros.' rights to the series may originate from their ownership of international TV distribution rights in the 1970s and 1980s.

Release Date: 1976-09-11

Department: Creator

Job: Creator

Vote Count: 7

5.1

At the Earth's Core

A huge burrowing machine tunnels out of control at ferocious speed, cutting clean through to the center of the earth, to the twilight world of pellucidar. Once there, Dr. Perry and David Innes are threatened by half human creatures, lizard-like birds, and man-eating plants.

Release Date: 1976-07-01

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 152

5.6

The Land That Time Forgot

During World War I, a German U-boat sinks a British ship and takes the survivors on board. After it takes a wrong turn, the submarine takes them to the unknown land of Caprona, where they find dinosaurs and neanderthals.

Release Date: 1974-08-13

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 169

4.0

Tarzan's Deadly Silence

Tarzan tries to stop a bloodthirsty Colonel from taking over an African village with his soldiers of fortune. The ape-man has been rendered deaf by an exploding hand grenade, effectively limiting one of his keen senses. Tarzan relies on his telepathic powers to stop a lion. Woody Strode also appears in this film that combines two made for television episodes.

Release Date: 1970-07-03

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 2

5.1

Tarzan and the Jungle Boy

Tarzan is joined by a reporter and her fiance on a journey to find a boy who was abandoned in the jungle six years earlier. The search party must also battle an evil native, who is out to kill the boy and take over as chief of his brother's tribe.

Release Date: 1968-05-01

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 10

The Mountains of the Moon

A religious sect, cheated by an adventurer, wants to occupy an African territory not knowing that it is inhabited by a bloodthirsty tribe. Luckily Tarzan intervenes.

Release Date: 1967-11-24

Department: Writing

Job: Author

4.1

Tarzan and the Great River

Tarzan is summoned to Brazil by an old friend to stop an evil tribal cult from destroying native villages and enslaving the survivors. The Lord of the Jungle is accompanied on his quest by a pretty blonde doctor, a boy and a grizzled sea captain.

Release Date: 1967-09-01

Department: Writing

Job: Original Story

Vote Count: 8

5.2

Tarzan and the Valley of Gold

In Central America, a little native boy, Ramel, is abducted by Vinaro, a madman who believes the child to be the sole link to a lost Aztec city of gold. Vinaro uses one of his diabolical explosive mechanisms to eliminate police and army officials; and the legendary Tarzan is flown in to help locate the jungle city, rescue the boy, and bring Vinaro to justice.

Release Date: 1966-07-01

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 11

5.0

Tarzan the Fearless

Re-edited, feature film version of the 1933 serial, Tarzan the Fearless, sold to television in the mid-1960's.

Release Date: 1964-01-01

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 1

4.8

Tarzan's Three Challenges

The spiritual leader of an oriental country is dying. The leader's evil brother Khan is plotting to prevent Kashi, the youthful heir, from assuming his rightful position. Tarzan is summoned to protect Kashi and, in doing so, he must face Khan in three tests of strength.

Release Date: 1963-01-29

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 10

5.5

Tarzan the Magnificent

After the Banton family rob a store is a small village and kill the local police constable, Tarzan captures one of them, Coy Banton. He decides to return him to the authorities so that the dead policeman's family will benefit from the $5000 reward. The head of the clan, Abel Banton and his two sons have no intention of letting Tarzan deliver Coy and burn the river boat they were to use. Several of the passengers are now stranded forcing Tarzan to take them along on a trek through the jungle. Abel Banton trails them intent not only getting his son back but getting rid of Tarzan.

Release Date: 1960-07-20

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 16

3.9

Tarzan, the Ape Man

An English colonel's daughter meets the lord of the jungle who makes her his mate.

Release Date: 1959-10-01

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 8

5.3

Tarzan's Greatest Adventure

The greatest adventure of jungle king Tarzan. Four British villains raid a settlement to obtain explosives for use in a diamond mine. In doing so they nearly destroy the settlement, so Tarzan pursues them to their mine.

Release Date: 1959-07-08

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 44

4.6

Tarzan's Fight for Life

Dr. Sturdy is trying to establish a modern hospital in the jungle. His efforts are strongly opposed by Futa, the witch doctor, and Ramo, a native warrior.

Release Date: 1958-08-15

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 10

4.0

Tarzan and the Trappers

Tarzan goes up against a baddie by the name of Schroeder, who is trapping animals and selling them illegally to zoos. A twist is thrown into the plot when Schroeder's brother, with the help of money-hungry trader Lapin, hunts a different kind of quarry, human game. Now Tarzan must not only fight to save the animals of the jungle, but he must also save himself. Three episodes of a failed TV series edited for theater release.

Release Date: 1958-01-01

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 22

4.9

Tarzan's Hidden Jungle

Hunters trespass into Sukulu country, where animals are sacred, posing as photographers.

Release Date: 1955-02-16

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 10

4.8

Tarzan and the She-Devil

The king of the jungle fights off ivory poachers.

Release Date: 1953-06-18

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 12

5.1

Tarzan's Savage Fury

The jungle king's cousin tries to get him to help find a diamond treasure.

Release Date: 1952-03-14

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 12

5.0

Tarzan's Peril

Escaped convicts are selling weapons to a warlike native tribe.

Release Date: 1951-03-13

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 11

5.2

Tarzan and the Slave Girl

The Lionians, a tribe of lion worshippers, make a desperate attempt to find a cure for the mysterious disease plaguing their village. Their Chief decides to kidnap Jane and Lola, a half-breed nurse, in order to help repopulate his civilization. Tarzan must rescue them while fending off blowgun attacks from people called the Waddies who are disguised as bushes.

Release Date: 1950-06-23

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 13

5.5

Tarzan's Magic Fountain

An expedition tries to enlist Tarzan's help in finding the secret Blue Valley, which legend says is the location of a miraculous fountain of youth.

Release Date: 1949-02-05

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 10

6.0

Tarzan and the Mermaids

A high priest tries to force a young beauty to marry a pearl trader who is masquerading as the god Balu.

Release Date: 1948-05-15

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 58

5.6

Tarzan and the Huntress

A shortage of zoo animals after World War II brings beautiful animal trainer Tanya, her financial backer and her cruel trail boss to the jungle. After negotiating a quota with the native king, they take more animals than allowed. Tarzan intervenes.

Release Date: 1947-04-05

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 57

5.7

Tarzan and the Leopard Woman

A tribe devoted to the leopard cult is dedicated to preventing civilization from moving further into Africa.

Release Date: 1946-02-18

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 41

6.3

Tarzan and the Amazons

A group of archaeologists asks Tarzan to help them find an ancient city in a hidden valley of women. He refuses, but Boy is tricked into doing the job. The queen of the women asks Tarzan to help them.

Release Date: 1945-04-29

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 83

6.1

Tarzan's Desert Mystery

A letter from Jane, who is nursing British troops, asks Tarzan's help in obtaining a malaria serum extractable from jungle plants. Tarzan and Boy set out across the desert looking for the plants. Along the way they befriend a stranded American lady magician.

Release Date: 1943-12-26

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 44

6.8

The Underground World

Superman has to save Lois Lane from a cult of hawk-people in an homage to Edgar Rice Burroughs's "At the Earth's Core".

Release Date: 1943-06-18

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 27

6.1

Tarzan Triumphs

Zandra, white princess of a lost civilization, comes to Tarzan for help when Nazis invade the jungle with plans to conquer her people and take their wealth. Tarzan, the isolationist, becomes involved after the Nazis shoot at him and capture Boy: "Now Tarzan make war!"

Release Date: 1943-01-20

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 52

6.3

Tarzan's New York Adventure

Circus owner Buck Rand kidnaps Boy to perform in his show. He forces a pilot to fly him, Boy and his animal trainer out of the jungle. Tarzan and Jane follow them to New York.

Release Date: 1942-05-01

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 92

5.7

Tarzan's Secret Treasure

A scientific expedition happens to discover that gold exists on Tarzan's escarpment. The villainous Medford and Vandermeer kidnap Jane and Boy to extort from Tarzan the location of the gold.

Release Date: 1941-12-01

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 74

6.2

Jungle Girl

Dr. John Meredith has been driven from civilization by the criminal activities of his twin brother Bradley Meredith. With his infant daughter, he settles in the African jungle, where his ability to cure the native ills has resulted in his virtual control of the Masamba tribes, who possess vast diamond mines coveted by a gang of crooks.

Release Date: 1941-06-21

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 5

6.1

Tarzan Finds a Son!

A young couple die in a plane crash in the jungle. Their son is found by Tarzan and Jane who name him Boy and raise him as their own. Five years later a search party comes to find the young heir to millions of dollars. Jane agrees, against Tarzan's will, to lead them to civilization.

Release Date: 1939-06-16

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 97

4.8

Tarzan and the Green Goddess

Tarzan retells the story of a trip to Guatemala in which the ape-man had gone to aid a friend in searching for a very valuable totem pole called the Green Goddess. Second of two feature versions of the 1935 serial film "The New Adventures Of Tarzan", culled from the serial's last 10 episodes.

Release Date: 1938-02-14

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 10

4.3

Tarzan's Revenge

Eleanor and her parents are hunting big game, acompanied by her wimpish fiance.

Release Date: 1938-01-07

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 10

6.3

Tarzan Escapes

White hunter Captain Fry tries to take Tarzan back to civilization, caged for public display. He arrives in the jungle with Jane's cousins, Eric and Rita, who want Jane's help in claiming a fortune left her.

Release Date: 1936-11-06

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 98

4.8

The Lion Man

A young British boy whose father was murdered by a treacherous Aran sheik finds himself in a position to exact revenge as an adult.

Release Date: 1936-08-12

Department: Writing

Job: Short Story

Vote Count: 4

4.0

The New Adventures of Tarzan

A feature film. Tarzan, who has returned to Africa after living in England, sets off to Guatemala in search of an old friend who may have survived a plane crash there. Also in Guatemala are Ula Vale and Major Martling who are out to find the riches of the Green Goddess. They join forces after they learn that a competitor, Raglan, has already set out ahead of them. Tarzan has to rescue everyone after they are taken prisoner. When they get to the hidden city, Tarzan finds his friend alive and the fabulous treasure.

Release Date: 1935-05-21

Department: Production

Job: Producer

Vote Count: 3

4.5

The New Adventures of Tarzan

A serial in 12 chapters. Tarzan goes to Guatemala to find his lost friend, D'Arnot. On the way he helps Major Matling search Mayan ruins for hidden jewels and an idol containing the formula for a powerful explosive. D'Arnot and the idol are rescued, but the idol falls into the clutches of the explorer Raglan.

Release Date: 1935-05-21

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 6

6.6

Tarzan and His Mate

Harry Holt returns to Africa with his friend Martin Arlington to head up a large ivory expedition.

Release Date: 1934-04-20

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 135

4.0

Tarzan the Fearless

Mary Brooks' father, who has been studying ancient tribes, falls into the hands of "the people of Zar, god of the Emerald Fingers." Tarzan helps Mary locate her father, rescues everyone from the High Priest of Zar, and takes Mary to his cave.

Release Date: 1933-08-11

Department: Writing

Job: Story

Vote Count: 15

6.7

Tarzan the Ape Man

James Parker and Harry Holt are on an expedition in Africa in search of the elephant burial grounds that will provide enough ivory to make them rich. Parker's beautiful daughter Jane arrives unexpectedly to join them. Jane is terrified when Tarzan and his ape friends abduct her, but when she returns to her father's expedition she has second thoughts about leaving Tarzan.

Release Date: 1932-04-02

Department: Writing

Job: Characters

Vote Count: 207

5.0

Tarzan the Tiger

After Tarzan's estate is destroyed by Arabs Jane is sold into slavery by a man posing as a friendly scientist. Tarzan develops amnesia after a blow to the head. When he recovers his memory (from a later blow) he defeats the villain, recovers the fabulous jewels of Opar, and rescues Jane.

Release Date: 1929-12-08

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 4

6.0

Tarzan the Mighty

Mary and Bobby Trevor are castaways befriended by Tarzan. When Lord arrives, looking for the family heir, Black John tries to fill that role and marry Mary in England. Tarzan shows up and marries her instead.

Release Date: 1928-10-29

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 2

4.9

Tarzan and the Golden Lion

Flora Hawks is in love with the overseer of Tarzan's African estate. After a search for a legendary city of diamonds, Tarzon races with his pet lion Jad-bal-ja to save Haws from being sacrificed to a lion-god.

Release Date: 1927-03-20

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 9

5.9

The Adventures of Tarzan

Tarzan spurns the love of La, Queen of Opar. When he isn't trying to keep the Bolshevik Rokoff and Clayton (pretender to the Greystoke estate) from reaching Opar, he is attacked simultaneously by two lions, dropped into a pit when a volcano splits the ground, nearly sacrificed by sun worshipers, and so on.

Release Date: 1921-12-01

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 4

5.4

The Revenge of Tarzan

Tarzan and Jane are traveling to Paris to help his old friend Countess de Coude, who is being threatened by her brother, Nikolas Rokoff. Rokoff has Tarzan tossed overboard. He survives, comes ashore in North Africa, and goes to Paris to search for Jane. In Paris, Tarzan reunites with his old friend Paul D'Arnot, who informs him that Jane was taken to Africa. Tarzan returns just in time to save Jane from a lion attack, and soon defeats Rokoff and his henchmen.

Release Date: 1920-05-30

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 7

5.7

The Son of Tarzan

Tarzan's son Jack is kidnapped from England by his old enemy Paulovich. Jack escapes into the African jungle where he meets Meriem, a European girl held captive. Freeing her, he falls in love but she's sought by Paulovich. Then Tarzan arrives with Jane to save the day!

Release Date: 1920-04-30

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 3

The Oakdale Affair

Refusing to marry her stepmother's choice, Gail Prim leaves her life of luxury, after cutting her hair, dressing in her butler's clothes and stealing money and jewels from her father's safe. Spending the night in a barn, she introduces herself to the thieves already there as the Oskaloosa Kid, a wanted criminal, and barely escapes their struggle to get her loot. Meanwhile, the real Oskaloosa Kid kills Reginald Paynter and throws Nettie Penning, whom Reginald was trying to seduce, onto the highway.

Release Date: 1919-10-06

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

6.0

The Romance of Tarzan

Tarzan and Jane are to sail for England. They are attacked by natives and Tarzan is believed to have been killed. The Greystoke relatives return to England, the Porters (Jane's family) goes to their ranch near San Francisco. Tarzan shows up in a tuxedo and rescues Jane from outlaws...

Release Date: 1918-10-17

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 1

5.3

Tarzan of the Apes

A female ape takes to mothering the orphaned boy (Tarzan) and raises him over the course of many years until a rescue mission is finally launched and the search party combs the jungle for the long-time missing Lord Greystoke. But then, one of the search members, Jane Porter, gets separated from the group and comes face to face with fearsome wild animals. Tarzan saves her from harm just in the knick of time and love begins to blossom.

Release Date: 1918-01-27

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

Vote Count: 22

The Lad and the Lion

While on vacation from college, William Bankinton is shipwrecked. His mind a blank, he is picked up by a derelict ship upon which there are only a lion and a stowaway named Broot. After Broot commits suicide, Bankinton and the lion are cast adrift upon the shores of Africa where they exist in a primitive state for several months.

Release Date: 1917-05-14

Department: Writing

Job: Novel

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